Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 The Scientific Revolution was the period in European history from the 14th to the 18th centuries when scientists began to question and change traditional beliefs. It was a rich tapestry of interwoven ideas and currents, a noisy marketplace of competing systems and concepts, and a busy laboratory of experimentation in all areas of thought and practice. #2 The Italian Renaissance was not the first significant flowering of European culture after the 5th-century collapse of Classical civilization. The Carolingian Renaissance, which followed the 8th-century military campaigns of Charlemagne, was the first significant flowering of European culture in the 9th century. #3 The Muslim world had become heir to ancient Greek knowledge, and they translated it into Arabic and enriched it many times over with new discoveries and ideas. European scholars embarked on a great translation movement in the 12th century, and they translated works of original Arabic authorship and Arabic translations of ancient Greek works. #4 The 13th century was a time of great cultural activity, but it was also a time of disaster. The first signs of a distinctive Italian Renaissance had begun to appear just before these troubled times.

Une conjuration, digne de tenter la plume d'un nouvel abbé Vertot, vient d'attirer l'attention sur un pays aimé de l'Europe et sur deux hommes distingués dont la civilisation attend beaucoup. L'arrivée du maréchal Saldanha au pouvoir ne produira pas seulement un mouvement libéral à l'intérieur du Portugal : cela n'intéresserait que les patriotes seuls ; mais elle aura encore une influence sur la politique générale et pourra hâter le triomphe de certaines larges idées internationales, dont la prompte intelligence du roi Louis Ier comprendra facilement l'importance et que sa courageuse initiative se plaira peut-être à favoriser.Fruit d'une sélection réalisée au sein des fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Collection XIX a pour ambition de faire découvrir des textes classiques et moins classiques dans les meilleures éditions du XIXe siècle.