"It is easy to see that a greater self-reliance must work a revolution in all the offices and relations of men; in their religion; in their education; in their pursuits; their modes of living; their association; in their property; in their speculative views"... Self-confidence, without self-reliance, is as useless as a cooking recipe,--without food. Self-confidence sees the possibilities of the individual; self-reliance realizes them. Self-confidence sees the angel in the unhewn block of marble; self-reliance carves it out for himself. The man who is self-reliant says ever: "No one can realize my possibilities for me, but me; no one can make me good or evil but myself." He works out his own salvation,--financially, socially, mentally, physically, and morally. Life is an individual problem that man must solve for himself. Nature accepts no vicarious sacrifice, no vicarious service. Nature never recognizes a proxy vote. She has nothing to do with middle-men,--she deals only with the individual. Nature is constantly seeking to show man that he is his own best friend, or his own worst enemy. Nature gives man the option on which he will be to himself.

Le mot civilisation est moderne. Il n'apparaît guère dans la langue française qu'à la fin du xviiiè siècle. On ne l'a reçu dans le dictionnaire de l'Académie qu'à partir de 1835. Et pourtant, aujourd'hui il revient constamment dans la conversation et dans les livres. D'ailleurs, il comporte deux sens assez différents, de sorte qu'on ne sait pas au juste ce qu'on veut dire quand on le prononce ou qu'on l'écrit, puisqu'il y a deux manières de l'entendre. La définition semble tout d'abord très précise. En effet on saisit nettement ce que veulent dire les mots : civilisation chinoise, civilisation française, civilisation du xviè siècle. Nul besoin, par une périphrase, d'amplifier, et peut-être d'embrouiller, cette idée claire. Mais ce qui complique tout, c'est que souvent le mot civilisation signifie autre chose. Car les écrivains contemporains se servent fréquemment de cette expression pour opposer civilisation à barbarie. L'état de civilisation, dit-on alors, c'est le contraire de l'état sauvage : la civilisation va croissant à mesure que la sauvagerie tend à disparaître.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was the greatest of German poets, one of the most highly gifted men of the eighteenth century. If the opinion of his contemporaries become the judgment of posterity, the name of Goethe is destined to occupy, in future ages, that pre-eminent station in the literary history of Germany which is now undisputedly held in their respective nations, by Shakespeare, Dante, and Cervantes. Until this judgment be pronounced by the final tribunal, we may characterize him as the happiest of great poets. He attained a length of years granted to few; and his long life was spent in successful literary labour, not imposed by necessity, but prompted by the suggestions of his own genius and love of art. Nature had endowed him with the much-prized gifts of bodily strength and personal beauty. This book deals with the life and history of Goethe.