Dictionnaire philosophique
Trente ans après les Lettres philosophiques, Voltaire parachève son itinéraire de pensée et d'action avec un Dictionnaire philosophique portatif (tel est le titre de la première édition, en 1764). Foin des lourdes encyclopédies ! Portatif, un dictionnaire doit l'être, comme une arme prête à tirer à l'instant sur les cibles aléatoires qu'offre l'ordre alphabétique. Mais l'ennemi porte un seul nom, l''infâme', qu'il s'agit d''écraser' sous toutes ses formes, 'la superstition, le fanatisme, l'extravagance et la tyrannie'. Il s'appelle aussi, plus concrètement et historiquement, la Bible, avec les religions qui s'en réclament, le grand Livre auquel Voltaire ose opposer son 'abominable petit dictionnaire', 'oeuvre de Belzébuth', comme il se plaît à le définir. Ironie, dérision, injure, indignation, sourire, gravité, le patriarche de Ferney déploie toutes les ressources de son talent pour prêcher fanatiquement la tolérance, déraisonnablement la raison. Un texte irrémédiablement daté ? Plus que jamais actuel ? Injuste, odieux ? Généreux, libérateur ? Vivant, en tout cas.
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (French: ; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, US also ; French: ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, histories, and even scientific expositions. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire was one of the first authors to become renowned and commercially successful internationally. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties and was at constant risk from the strict censorship laws of the Catholic French monarchy. His polemics witheringly satirized intolerance and religious dogma, as well as the French institutions of his day. His best-known work and magnum opus, Candide, is a novella that comments on, criticizes, and ridicules many events, thinkers and philosophies of his time, most notably Gottfried Leibniz and his belief that our world is of necessity the "best of all possible worlds".
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