Écrits autobiographiques
Jean Goldzink (contribution)
Voltaire autobiographe ? On est tenté de rire, Les Confessions en main, ou saint Augustin en mémoire. Et pourtant, le satiriste le plus cinglant de notre histoire s'y est pris à trois fois pour se raconter... En 1754, échappé de Berlin, interdit à Paris, réfugié à Colmar, il compose ou réécrit de fausses-vraies lettres de Prusse à sa nièce et amante, Mme Denis, qui furent reversées jusqu'à nos jours dans la Correspondance comme autant de témoignages spontanés et éblouissants sur ses démêlés avec Frédéric II. Celui-ci tient encore la première place dans les Mémoires pour servir à la vie de Monsieur de Voltaire, rédigés entre 1758 et 1760, à côté de Candide ; quant au Commentaire historique sur les oeuvres de l'auteur de La Henriade (1776), il part de l'enfance et embrasse les légendaires années de Ferney. L'autobiographie apparaît ici dans toute sa diversité : recueil épistolaire, récits à la première et à la troisième personne ; ton dolent, puis comique, puis rasséréné, pour se raconter sans enflure ni aveux. Au milieu de nos débordements, cette rare leçon de sobriété autobiographique vaut bien un hommage, sans doute.
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (French: ; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, US also ; French: ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire was a versatile and prolific writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, histories, and even scientific expositions. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets. Voltaire was one of the first authors to become renowned and commercially successful internationally. He was an outspoken advocate of civil liberties and was at constant risk from the strict censorship laws of the Catholic French monarchy. His polemics witheringly satirized intolerance and religious dogma, as well as the French institutions of his day. His best-known work and magnum opus, Candide, is a novella that comments on, criticizes, and ridicules many events, thinkers and philosophies of his time, most notably Gottfried Leibniz and his belief that our world is of necessity the "best of all possible worlds".
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