Après ce que l'on peut considérer comme des errements anti-démocratiques illustrés par son essai Considérations d'un apolitique (1918) où, bien que revendiquant pour l'artiste une posture au-dessus de la mêlée, il exprime un patriotisme allemand conservateur hostile à la république et au pacifisme, Thomas Mann opère un revirement radical dans les années 30, face à la montée du nazisme, et devient le chantre de la démocratie. Il restera fidèle à cette position jusqu'à sa mort en 1955. Les quatre essais présentés ici montrent comment Thomas Mann a su revenir sur ses erreurs pour devenir l'un des défenseurs les plus lucides de la démocratie en Europe.
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Thomas Mann
Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modern versions of German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Arthur Schopenhauer.
The Mann family was part of the Hanseatic class. He portrayed both his family and the influential class in his first novel, Buddenbrooks (1901). Other major novels include The Magic Mountain (1924), the tetralogy Joseph and His Brothers (1933–1943), and Doctor Faustus (1947). He also wrote short stories and novellas, including Death in Venice (1912).
His older brother was novelist Heinrich Mann. Three of Mann's six children – Erika Mann, Klaus Mann and Golo Mann – also became significant German writers.
When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland. When World War II broke out in 1939, he moved to the United States, returning to Switzerland after the war in 1952. Mann is one of the best-known exponents of the so-called Exilliteratur, German literature written in exile by those who opposed the Hitler regime.
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