Notre-Dame de Paris
« Oh ! l'amour ! dit-elle [...] C'est être deux et n'être qu'un. Un homme et une femme qui se fondent en un ange. C'est le ciel. »1482. Sur le parvis de Notre-Dame, Esmeralda danse près d'un feu de joie. De l'enceinte de la cathédrale à la Cour des Miracles, tous sont amoureux de la belle égyptienne : Gringoire, le poète miséreux, les truands, les faux mendiants et les faux infirmes... Même Claude Frollo, le sinistre archidiacre de Notre-Dame, qui tente de la faire enlever par Quasimodo, son sonneur de cloches. Esmeralda, elle, s'éprend de Phoebus, le capitaine des archers qui l'a sauvée de son ravisseur. Dévoré par la jalousie, Frollo invente une machination pour assassiner son rival. Lorsque le militaire en réchappe, la jeune fille est accusée de meurtre et condamnée à mort. Quasimodo s'empare d'elle juste avant son exécution et la conduit dans son gîte, les tours de la cathédrale... Ainsi que l'écrivait Lamartine à l'auteur en 1831, Notre-Dame de Paris : « C'est une oeuvre colossale, une pièce antédiluvienne. [...] Je ne vois rien à comparer dans nos temps à Notre-Dame. C'est le Shakespeare du roman, c'est l'épopée du Moyen Âge, c'est je ne sais quoi ; mais grand, fort, profond, immense, ténébreux comme l'édifice dont vous en avez fait le symbole. »
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Victor Hugo
Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo (French: [viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo] ; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romantic author, poet, essayist, playwright, journalist, human rights activist and politician.
His most famous works are the novels The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831) and Les Misérables (1862). In France, Hugo is renowned for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). Hugo was at the forefront of the Romantic literary movement with his play Cromwell and drama Hernani. His works have inspired music, both during his lifetime and after his death, including the opera Rigoletto and the musicals Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris. He produced more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime, and campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment and slavery.
Although he was a committed royalist when young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism, serving in politics as both deputy and senator. His work touched upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. His opposition to absolutism, and his literary stature, established him as a national hero. Hugo died on 22 May 1885, aged 83. He was given a state funeral in the Panthéon of Paris, which was attended by over two million people, the largest in French history.
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